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More than 180 nations in New York approved the plan aimed at nuclear disarmament

The 189 countries that adhere to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) today approved a plan aimed at reducing the global nuclear threat in the final declaration of the treaty review conference held in UN headquarters in New York.

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NPT nations reached a consensus after de intensas negociaciones durante un mes y aprobaron un texto, de 28 páginas, que contiene el plan que apunta a avanzar hacia la prohibición de armas nucleares en el Medio Oriente.

Se trata de una propuesta árabe que busca presionar a Israel para que renuncie a un arsenal de ojivas. Además, se establece la celebración de una conferencia en 2012 en Medio Oriente para debatir la eliminación total de armas nucleares en la región.

En el texto, de 28 páginas, los 189 pasíses del TNP piden que Israel adhiera a ese tratado.

Tras conocerse la aporbación del texto, Estados Unidos dijo que "lamenta profundamente" que Israel se haya destacado en la declaración final del TNP por no have signed a pact.

U.S. Under Secretary of State, Ellen Tauscher, said he would work with the countries of the region to organize a successful conference on the creation of a zone free of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East.

But he said Washington's ability to do so "has been seriously threatened because the final document (approved by the signatories of the treaty) singles out Israel in the Middle East section, a fact that the United States deeply regrets."

For its part, Egypt's ambassador to the UN, Maged Abdelaziz, said on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) that the document demonstrated the "maximum flexibility "offered by the NAM to reach an agreement and avoid the failure of the previous review conference in 2005, when it could not reach any consensus.

Abdelaziz said that although many elements proposed by the Non-Aligned were not accepted had made "progress" to adopt an "action plan" to eliminate nuclear weapons in the Middle East.

"Something", he said, "that today would not have been possible without the commitment of all States Parties and their dedication to pursuing this goal. "

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Obama sent a letter to Cristina and appreciated his presence in the Nuclear Safety Summit

The U.S. president Barack Obama sent a letter to President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner in which he acknowledged the presence at the Summit on Nuclear Safety held in Washington.

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indicates The letter states reads as follows: "White House Washington, May 6, 2010 Dear Madam, I thank you for your presence in the historic Nuclear Security Summit in Washington. The meeting of world leaders offered opportunity for our nations, both individually and collectively, to take tangible actions to ensure that nuclear materials from falling into the wrong hands ever, particularly in the hands of terrorists.
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The summit proved to be an important positive step in the direction of securing all vulnerable nuclear materials worldwide within the next four years, a goal announced in Prague last year and was signed by all who attended the Summit .
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I am delighted that we had the opportunity to discuss some actions that Argentina has already taken, especially his decision to join the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism and cooperate with the program Megaports United States. In this sense, regional leadership is invaluable.
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Summit only marks the beginning of our work. Now we must move from political commitment to implementation. The Press and the Working Plan represent a solid foundation from which we can work to advance one of the objectives outlined in Washington.
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I would ask that you approach your neighbors, especially those that have not been invited to the summit, asking them to participate in that vision achieved in the Nuclear Safety Summit in Washington.

Let's start working now for the next Summit to be held in the Republic of Korea in 2010 is a success. I want to thank Argentina for its kind offer to host the next meeting of sherpas.
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Looking at the Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty next May, let me emphasize the urgency in achieving a positive result, which reinforces the basic treaty and to strengthen the commitment of nations against the proliferation and its objectives and desarme.Sinceramente energy level, Barack Obama. "

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nuclear disarmament, priority of science diplomacy

The political climate is favorable to a new attempt to eliminate nuclear weapons scientists can increase their likelihood of success.

Earlier this year, U.S. satellites detected the first column of steam from a nuclear reactor built in Pakistan to produce nuclear bomb fuel, confirming the country's desire to strengthen its status as a nuclear power .

observation - which came shortly before this month's review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in New York - is further evidence that the unregulated spread of nuclear technology is closely linked to the dangers of nuclear conflict.

The good news is that United States President Barack Obama seems determined to make the elimination of nuclear weapons a top priority. In fact, last month invited 47 heads of state at a landmark summit in Washington to promote disarmament and agree on strategies to prevent nuclear terrorism and safeguard nuclear material.

But the news of Pakistan, along with continuing disagreement on how best to address other emerging nuclear states such as Iran and North Korea, illustrate how much has to go - and the political obstacles that remain to be overcome - before this goal is reached.

New hope

There is still a sense of optimism for the review conference of this year, which was missed at the last meeting of 2005. Then, the aggressive stance taken by the Bush administration - describing North Korea as part of an "axis of evil", for example - to be condemned threads in a deadlock.

This time, the prospects for agreement are significantly higher. Obama has not only adopted a more moderate attitude toward international affairs in general, but has already made significant progress on the nuclear front.

last month For example, Russia and the United States announced an arms control agreement under which both significantly reduced their nuclear arsenals. And since then, Obama has revised its nuclear policy to establish, for the first time that non-nuclear states that have signed the NPT never be target of U.S. nuclear weapons

Both agreements could have gone further. Some in the Obama administration wanted him to take a step further by prohibiting the use of nuclear weapons against any threat or attack non-nuclear. And despite the new cuts, both Russia and the United States will still have enough nuclear weapons to destroy humanity many times.

Recent moves, however, have created a political climate in which a significant agreement, at least among the states with nuclear weapons seems more realistic view of what happened five years ago. There are even signs that the United States may finally ratify the Treaty for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test, the next big step toward global nuclear disarmament.

Need for monitoring

The reasons for optimism are not restricted to the change in U.S. position. Equally influential has been the growing awareness within the developed and developing worlds on threats of nuclear terrorism and the need to improve the protection of nuclear materials.

18 months ago, for example, an armed group was captured entering nuclear facilities in South Africa, in an apparent attempt to steal weapons-grade uranium has been stored there since the early 1990, under international supervision.

The incident provides a stark reminder of the need for continued vigilance and effective. This need will increase as more developing countries to migrate to nuclear power as an energy source available, a trend that is reinforced by international efforts promote renewable energy as a strategy to tackle climate change.

But the danger is that the U.S. led initiatives will be seen, with some justification, as little more than attempts to defend American interests, influenced both by political relationships and a genuine desire for nuclear disarmament.

For example, the nuclear cooperation treaty between the United States and India, which came into force in 2008 was cited by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace as an example of diplomatic and commercial interests placed ahead of non-proliferation responsibilities , and was criticized for exacerbating tensions Nuclear South Asia.

"Scientists, diplomats or both?

The only solution for the developing world is to accept that you are interested in the international nuclear nonproliferation, the only way to prevent regional conflicts escalate into nuclear exchanges.

The scientific community has had to play an important role in this process to explain the threat posed by even relatively small nuclear weapons, and advising on how to develop safeguards without overly restricting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

Scientists have already shown their worth to maintain open communication channels between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs were instrumental to that "science diplomacy" and can not be coincidence that the approach is still favored in Washington, where John Holdren, who once headed Pugwash is the science adviser to Obama and technology.

If such diplomacy over nuclear arms control or other scientific matters is driven by political and commercial interests of the developed world will remain suspect and doomed to fail.

But if it can be truly international the chances of success are much higher. Reach a global agreement on steps needed to eliminate nuclear weapons the world would be a good starting point.

David Dickson Director, SciDev.Net

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